فایل کامل و عالی بررسی رابطه بین میزان تعهد سازمانی با سرمایه اجتماعی

Investigating relationship between social capital and the
commitment of staff
(case study: Tejarat bank of sanandajcity)

Abstract
The research intends to introduce the relationship between staffs” social capital and
organizational commitment. Social capital like glue joins all the members of the society
together and is regarded as a valuable yet invisible human wealth which has not received
adequate attention in management. The relationship between social capital and organizational
commitment as a positive feeling among the staff toward their job is a new area of discovery
which has rarely been dealt with.This research investigated the relationship between social
capital and organizational commitment. Social capital in this research according to Nahabit
and Goshalmodel, included three dimensions; structural dimension, cognitive dimension and
norm dimension. Also, organization commitment, here, according to Allen and Meyer model
consisted of three indicators; sentimental commitment, constant commitment and norm
commitment.The population of the research consists of 140 staff members of Tejarat Bank in
Sanandaj, Iran. Based on Morgan Table as well as random sampling, 117 subjects were
chosen for the research. The subjects were investigated through questionnaire and the results
were analyzed through T-test and Friedman –Pearson Test. Finally, the relationship between
social wealth as independent variable and the three dimensions of organization commitments
as dependent variables were investigated.
The following results showed up:
۱: There was a significant relationship between social capital and sentimental commitment.
۲. There was no significant relationship between social capital and constant commitment.
۳. There existed a significant relationship between social capital and norm commitment.

منابع لاتین
۱. Angle, H. L., & Perry, J. L. (1981). “An empirical assessment of organization commitment and organizational
effectiveness”. Administrative ScienceQuarterly, 26, 1-13.
۲. Baker 1990resource that actors derive from specific social structures and then use to pursue their interests; it
is created by changes in the relationship among actors”; (p. 619).
۳. Belliveau et al. 1996″an individual”s personal network and elite institutional affiliations( p. 1572).
۴.Blumenthal, Sidney (1987-01-08). “Pat Buchanan and the Great Right Hope”. Washington Post: p. C01.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A41745-2004Sep22. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
۵. Buchanan, Bruce, II. (1979). “Government managers, business executives, and
organizationalcommitment”.Public Administration Review, 34,339-347.
۶. Bourdieu, Pierre. (1990). “ÖkonomischesKapital, kulturellesKapital, sozialesKapital” in
SozialeUngleichheiten (Soziale Welt, Sonderheft 2), edited by ReinhardKreckel.Goettingen: Otto Schartz& Co.
pp. 183–98.
۷. Bourdieu, Pierre. (1986). “A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment”.
Academy of Management Journal, 21, 95-112.
۸. Bourdieu, Pierre. Salas cecwant.(1992). ” “Civil society and social capital beyond Putnam.” American
Behavioural Scientist 42: 124-139.7. Bartels, J., Peters, O., de Jong, M., Pruyn, A., & van der Molen, M. (2010).
Horizontal andvertical communication as determinants of professional and organizational identification.
Personnel Review, 39, 210-226.
۹. Buchanan, B. (1990). Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work
organizations.Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546.
۱۰. Baker, W. 1990. “Market Networks and Corporate Behaviour.” American Journal of Sociology 96: 589 – 625.
۱۱. Bankston, Carl L, and Min Zhou. 2002. “Social Capital as a Process: The Meanings and Problems of a Th12
۱۱. urt, Ronald. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press.
۱۲. Bateman, T. &Strasser, S. (1984). “A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational
commitment”. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 95-112.
۱۳. Chatman, J. A. (1988). “Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization
in public accounting firms”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 459-484.
۱۴. Coleman, James S. 1994. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” The American Journal of
Sociology 94: S95.
۱۵. Cohen, A. (1993). Age and tenure in relation to organizational commitment: A meta- analysis. Basic and
Applied Social Psychology, 14, 143-159.
۱۶. Durkheim,E. (1893) De La Division du Travail. Les Classiques de Science Sociale.
۱۷. hunsain, M. W. (1998). Civil society and social capital beyond Putnam.
۱۸. Edwards, Bob, and Michael Foley. 1998. “Civil society and social capital beyond Putnam.” American
Behavioural Scientist 42: 124-139.
۱۹. .Edwards, B. & Foley, M. (1997), Social Capital, Civil Society andContemporary Democracy, ABS, 40, No.
۵.
۲۰. From Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, ed. (2008). The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,
۲nd Edition.
۲۱. Burt 1992)”friends, colleagues, and more general contacts through whom you receive opportunities to use
yourfinancial and human capital” (Burt 1992, p. 9).
۲۲. Falk, Ian, and Sue Kilpatrick. 1999. “What is Social Capital? The study of interaction in a rural
community.”Pp. 23. Launceston: Centre for Research and Leaning in Regional Australia.
۲۴. Foley, Michael, and Bob Edwards. 1999. “Is it time to disinvest in social capital?” Journal of Public Policy
۱۹: ۱۴۱-۷۳.
۲۵. Granovetter, M. 1992. “The stength of weak ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78: 1350-80.
۲۶. Grootaert, Christiaan. 2001. “Social capital: the missing link.” Social Capital and Participation in Everyday
Life, edited by Eric M. Uslaner. London: Routledge.Pp. 9 – 29.
۲۷. greenburg.g&baroon. s. 2000. conceptualitazation of organizationalcommitment. Human Resource
Management Review.
۲۸. Giddens, A. (1992), The Transformation of Intimacy, Cambridge Polity Press.
۲۹. In her foreword to the 1979 Conservative manifesto, Thatcher wrote of “a feeling of helplessness, that a
oncegreat nation has somehow fallen behind.
۳۰. Jackman, Robert W, and Ross A Miller. 1998. “Social Capital and Politics.” Annual Review of Political
Science 1: 47-73.
۳۱. Johnston, Richard, and Stuart N. Soroka. 2001. “Social capital in a multicultural society: the case of Canada.”
Pp. 30 – 36 in Social Capital and Participation in Everyday Life, edited by Eric M. Uslaner. London: Routledge.
۳۲. Margroom. henge and Vitalsimoon. (2004). “ÖkonomischesKapital, kulturellesKapital, sozialesKapital” in
SozialeUngleichheiten (Soziale Welt, Sonderheft 2), edited by ReinhardKreckel.Goettingen: Otto Schartz& Co.
pp. 183–98.
۳۳. Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N.J. (1991). A Tree-component conceptualitazationof organizationalcommitment.
Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89.
۳۴. Meyer, J. P. Allen, N. J. Smith, C. A. (1993). “Commitment to Organizations and Occupations:Extension
and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization”. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 78, 4, 538-552.
۳۵. Mowday, R., Porter, L. and Durbin, R. (1974). Unit performance, situational factors andemployee attitudes
inspatially separated work units. Organizational Behavior andHuman Performance, 12, 231-248.
۳۶. Meyer, J P and Allen, N J (1991). “A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment:
Some methodological considerations”, Human Resource Management Review, 1, pp. 61-98.
۳۷. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1998). The measurement of organizational commitment.
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
۳۸. .Meyer, J P and herscovitch.Sh. 2001.conceptualitazation of organizationalcommitment. Human Resource
Management Review, 1, 61-89.
۳۹. Meyer, J P and Allen, N J (1991). “A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment:
Some methodological considerations”, Human Resource Management Review, 1, pp. 61-98.
۴۰. Morrow, Virginia. 1999. “Conceptualising social capital in relation to the well-being of children and
youngpeople: a critical review.” The Editorial Board of The Sociological Review: 744-765.
۴۱. mac Daniel. 1992. Age and tenure in relation to organizational commitment: A meta- analysis. Basic and
Applied Social Psychology, 14, 143-159.
۴۲. Nahapiet and Ghoshal )1998 “the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available
through, and derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit. Social capital
thus comprises both the network and the assets that may be mobilized through that network” (1998, p. 243).
۴۳. Narayan, Deepa, and Lant Pritchett. 1999. “Social capital: Evidence and implications.” Pp. 269-296 in
Social Capital: A multifaceted perspective, edited by Ismail Serageldin. Washington, DC: World Bank.
۴۴. O”Reilly, III, C., and Chatman, J. (1986). “Organizational Commitment and PsychologicalAttachment: The
Effects of Compliance, Identification and Internalization on ProsocialBehavior”. Journal of Applied Psychology,
۷۱, ۳, ۴۹۲-۴۹۹.
۴۵. OperSallaz Jeffrey J. and Jane Zavisca (2007). Bourdieu in American Sociology, 1980–2004. Annual
Review of Sociology, vol. 33, pp. 21–41.
۴۶. O’Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects
of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocialbehavior.Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 492-
۴۹۹.
۴۷. Ostrom, Elinor. 1994. “Consituting social capital and collective action.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 6:
۵۲۷-۵۶۲.
۴۸. Porter, L.W.; Steers, R.M.; Mowday, R.T.; &Boulian, P.V. (1993) Organizational commitment,job
satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of AppliedPsychology, 1974, 59, 603-609.
۴۹. Putnam, Robert D. (2006). E Pluribus Unim: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century, Nordic
Political Science Association.
۵۰. Portes, A. 1998: Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of
Sociology 24: 1-24.
۵۱. Porter, L. W., & Smith, F. J. (1970). The etiology of organizational commitment.Unpublished paper,
University of California at Irvine.
۵۲. Paldam, Martin, and GertTinggaardSvendsen. 2000. “An essay on social capital: looking for the fire behind
thesmoke.” European Journal of Political Economy 16: 339-366.
۵۳. Paxton, Pamela. 1998. “Is social capital declining in the United States? A multiple indicator assessment.”
The American Journal of Sociology 105: 88.
۵۴. Reichers, Arnon (1985). “A review and reconceptialitzion of organizational commitment”. TheAcademy of
Management Review¸10, 3, 465-476.
۵۵. robinson. clark1980. “Social capital: Evidence and implications.” Pp. 269-296 in Social Capital: A
multifaceted perspective, edited by Ismail Serageldin. Washington, DC: World Bank.
۵۶. showler. 1999. “Conceptualising social capital in relation to the well-being of children and young people:
acritical review.” The Editorial Board of The Sociological Review: 744-765.
۵۷. Slangen, Louis H. G., G. Cornelis van Kooten, and PavelSuchanek. 2003. “Institutions, social capital
andagricultural change in central and eastern Europe.” Journal of Rural Studies In Press, Corrected Proof.
۵۸. shianchiwng&chertion.z. 2003. “paradaim in organization: Selection and socializationin public
accountingfirms”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 459-484.
۵۹. Salancik, G.R.; &Pfeffer, An examination of need satisfaction models of job attitudes.Administrative
Science Quarterly, 1990, 22, 427-456.
۶۰. Sheldon, Mary (1993). Investments and involvements as mechanisms producing commitment
۶۱. .tucher.margareit1993.”Social capital in a multicultural society: the case of Canada.” Pp.to the
organization.Administrative Science Quarterly. 16; 143-150.
۶۲.Fukuyama 1995″the ability of people to work together for common purposes in groups and organizations”,
(p.10).
۶۳.Woolcock 1998″the information, trust, and norms of reciprocity inhering in one”s social networks” (, p. 153).
۶۴. Woolcock, Michael, and Deepa Narayan. 2000. “Social capital: Implications for development theory,
research,and policy.” The World Bank Research Observer 15: 225-249.